Every source the window and door guides cite — codes, manufacturer and industry standards, and trade associations. The references are listed here so the numbers can be checked against their origin.
[1] Pella Corporation — Replacement Window Cost by Material (updated May 2026): typical national installed ranges per window of $800–$1,600 (vinyl), $1,100–$2,200 (fiberglass) and $1,100–$2,200+ (wood). pella.com/ideas/windows/replacement-window-cost/by-material
[2] Pella Corporation — Replacement Window Cost: installed cost per window includes the unit and installation; full-frame replacement costs more than insert; casement and specialty styles above double-hung; bay and bow windows at the top of the range. pella.com/ideas/windows/replacement-window-cost
[5] City of Columbus Building and Zoning Services — Construction Industry Communication #11: Roofing/Window/Door Permit Applications and Inspection Requirements (revised April 2026): all residential window/door replacement requires a building permit and one exterior inspection; required application information; inspection checklist. columbus.gov — CIC #11
[6] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program: paid work that disturbs painted surfaces in homes built before 1978 must be done by certified firms using lead-safe practices. epa.gov/lead/lead-renovation-repair-and-painting-program
[7] Ohio Administrative Code 4101:8-11-01 — Residential Code of Ohio, Chapter 11 (Energy Efficiency): Franklin County in climate zone 5A; replacement fenestration must meet the Table 1102.1.2 U-factor (0.30 maximum in zone 5). codes.ohio.gov — rule 4101:8-11-01
[8] Internal Revenue Service — One, Big, Beautiful Bill provisions: the Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit (25C) is not allowed for property placed in service after December 31, 2025. irs.gov/newsroom/one-big-beautiful-bill-provisions
[9] U.S. Department of Energy — Home Upgrades: heat gain and heat loss through windows are responsible for 25%–30% of residential heating and cooling energy use. energy.gov/save/home-upgrades
[1] Milgard Windows & Doors — Vinyl vs. Fiberglass Windows: Which Should You Choose?: vinyl expands and contracts more with temperature; fiberglass expansion close to glass. milgard.com/blog/vinyl-vs-fiberglass-windows
[6] National Fenestration Rating Council — Energy Performance Label: U-factor, SHGC, visible transmittance, air leakage and condensation resistance ratings for the whole product. nfrc.org/energy-performance-label
[7] Ohio Administrative Code 4101:8-3-01 — Residential Code of Ohio, Chapter 3: Section 308.4 hazardous locations for glazing (adjacent to doors, wet surfaces); Section 310 emergency escape and rescue openings. codes.ohio.gov — rule 4101:8-3-01
[1] City of Columbus Building and Zoning Services — Construction Industry Communication #11 (revised April 2026): permits and one exterior inspection for all residential window/door replacement; inspection checks opening size, safety glazing, Certificates of Appropriateness and manufacturer's instructions. columbus.gov — CIC #11
[2] City of Columbus Building and Zoning Services — Roof, Siding, Windows, Doors Application: number of windows, whether replacements match the existing size, type and materials, and location on the structure. columbus.gov — RSWD permit application
[3] Ohio Administrative Code 4101:8-3-01 — Residential Code of Ohio, Chapter 3: Section 310.2.5 replacement windows (exemption conditions for emergency escape openings); Section 308.4.5 glazing and wet surfaces. codes.ohio.gov — rule 4101:8-3-01
[4] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program: certified firms and lead-safe practices for work that disturbs paint in pre-1978 homes. epa.gov/lead/lead-renovation-repair-and-painting-program
[5] ASTM International — E2112 Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights: installation in new and existing construction, water-management sequencing; manufacturer's instructions prevail where they conflict. store.astm.org/e2112-23.html
[6] Pella Corporation — Replacement Window Cost: full-frame replacement generally costs more than insert because of additional labor and materials. pella.com/ideas/windows/replacement-window-cost
[1] National Fenestration Rating Council — Energy Performance Label: whole-product ratings for U-factor (0.20–1.20), SHGC, visible transmittance, air leakage (≤ 0.3) and condensation resistance. nfrc.org/energy-performance-label
[2] ENERGY STAR — Residential Windows, Doors and Skylights: Key Product Criteria: criteria by climate zone, based on NFRC-certified ratings; zone map and lookup. energystar.gov — key product criteria
[3] Cardinal Glass Industries — U.S. ENERGY STAR 7.0 glass guidance: Version 7.0 window criteria (Northern U ≤ 0.22, SHGC ≥ 0.17; North-Central U ≤ 0.25, SHGC ≤ 0.40; South-Central U ≤ 0.28, SHGC ≤ 0.23; Southern U ≤ 0.32, SHGC ≤ 0.23); effective October 23, 2023; Northern equivalent-energy option. cardinalcorp.com — ENERGY STAR 7.0 glass guidance
[4] U.S. EPA ENERGY STAR — Response to Comments on Version 7.0 Draft 2 Specification: IECC climate zone 5 remains in the Northern zone; equivalent-energy trade-offs; criteria do not require triple-pane products. energystar.gov — V7.0 Draft 2 response to comments (PDF)
[5] Ohio Administrative Code 4101:8-11-01 — Residential Code of Ohio, Chapter 11: Franklin County climate zone 5A; zone 5 fenestration U-factor 0.30 maximum (Table 1102.1.2); replacement fenestration and area-weighted averaging (Section 1109.1.1.1). codes.ohio.gov — rule 4101:8-11-01
[6] City of Columbus Building and Zoning Services — Construction Industry Communication #11 (revised April 2026): window/door permit applications must indicate the U-factor of the new window or door. columbus.gov — CIC #11
[7] Andersen Windows — ENERGY STAR version 7.0: your quick guide to what's changed: Northern U-factor from 0.30 to 0.22 with a new SHGC minimum; North-Central from 0.30 to 0.25; patio door changes. andersenwindows.com — ENERGY STAR 7.0 update
[8] U.S. Department of Energy — Home Upgrades: windows responsible for 25%–30% of residential heating and cooling energy use; leaky exterior doors waste energy. energy.gov/save/home-upgrades
[9] Internal Revenue Service — Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit: exterior doors limited to $250 per door and $500 total; exterior windows and skylights limited to $600 total. irs.gov — energy efficient home improvement credit
[11] NPR (via KUNC) — Energy Star has emerged stronger after Trump's EPA tried to end it (February 3, 2026): Congress passed fiscal 2026 funding for the program. kunc.org — NPR, February 2026
[12] Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance — 6 Things You Need to Know About Ohio's Energy Efficiency Rollback (2019): House Bill 6 ends the efficiency standard after 2020 and the charges that funded utility programs. mwalliance.org/node/1027
[13] Canary Media — Ohio utilities could resume energy efficiency programs under bipartisan bill (June 2023): House Bill 79 would allow voluntary utility efficiency programs. canarymedia.com
[14] Columbia Gas of Ohio — Ways to Save: residential energy efficiency programs, not including the income-qualified program, have ended. columbiagasohio.com/ways-to-save
[15] Columbia Gas of Ohio — Income-Eligible Weatherization (WarmChoice): no-cost attic and wall insulation, air sealing, and gas appliance repair or replacement. columbiagasohio.com — income-eligible weatherization
[16] Ohio Department of Development — Department of Development Seeking Feedback on New Home Energy Savings Program (July 2024): $249 million in federal Home Energy Rebates for Ohio. development.ohio.gov — Home Energy Savings Program
[4] ENERGY STAR — Residential Windows, Doors and Skylights: Key Product Criteria: door criteria by glazing level and climate zone. energystar.gov — key product criteria
[5] Ohio Administrative Code 4101:8-3-01 — Residential Code of Ohio, Chapter 3: Section 302.5.1 opening protection between garage and residence; Section 308.4.2 glazing adjacent to doors. codes.ohio.gov — rule 4101:8-3-01
[6] City of Columbus Building and Zoning Services — Construction Industry Communication #11 (revised April 2026): permits and one exterior inspection for all residential window/door replacement. columbus.gov — CIC #11
[7] City of Columbus Building and Zoning Services — Roof, Siding, Windows, Doors Application: door count, size/type/material match, location on the structure. columbus.gov — RSWD permit application
[8] City of Columbus — German Village Commission: Certificates of Appropriateness for exterior alterations in the German Village Historic District. columbus.gov — German Village Commission
[9] City of Columbus — Historic Resources Commission: Certificates of Appropriateness for exterior alterations in Columbus Register districts and individually listed properties; Brewery District incorporated February 2024. columbus.gov — Historic Resources Commission
[1] Masonite — What's the Difference Between Hollow Core Doors and Solid Core Doors? (manufacturer): construction, weight and sound differences. residential.masonite.com
[2] JELD-WEN — Create a Quieter Home with Solid Core Interior Doors (manufacturer): sound control and durability of solid-core doors. jeld-wen.com — solid core interior doors
[3] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program: certified firms and lead-safe practices for work that disturbs paint in pre-1978 homes. epa.gov/lead/lead-renovation-repair-and-painting-program
[4] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality: paints and coatings as sources of VOC emissions indoors. epa.gov — VOCs and indoor air quality
[5] Ohio Administrative Code 4101:8-3-01 — Residential Code of Ohio, Chapter 3: Section 302.5.1 opening protection between garage and residence. codes.ohio.gov — rule 4101:8-3-01
[6] U.S. Access Board — ADA Accessibility Standards, Section 404.2.3 clear width: door openings at least 32 inches clear with the door open 90 degrees. access-board.gov/ada
